LSAT

Glossary & Topic Index

Every LSAT topic covered on AnvayaPrep, A–Z — 755 topics.

A B C D E F G H I J L M N O P Q R S T U V W

A

Abductive reasoning Abstract argument structure Abstract flaw descriptions Abstract rule matching Ad hominem Adjacent rules Agreement between passages Agreement questions All statements All to some inference Alternative cause Alternative explanations Alternative sufficient conditions Alternative view Analogical reasoning Analogical reasoning in passages Analogy assumptions Analogy flaw Analogy parallel flaw Analogy questions Answering yes no test Appeal to authority flaw Appeal to popularity Appeal to principle Application questions Applying a general rule Argument direction Argument form matching Argument gaps Argument mapping Argument organization Argument parts Argument relevance Argument scope Argument skeleton Argument skeleton matching Argument soundness Argument structure in RC Argument structure questions Argument validity Art criticism passages Assignment games Assignment sequencing hybrids Assumption answer prediction Assumption diagramming Assumption family questions Assumption gap Assumption in analogy Assumption in argument from authority Assumption in moral arguments Assumption in policy arguments Assumption in scientific arguments Assumption in statistical arguments Assumption versus inference Assumption versus premise Assumption versus strengthen Assumptions At least statements At most statements Attacking measurement Attacking representativeness Author attitude Author attitude questions Author endorsement Author neutrality Author response questions Author skepticism Author tone Author versus others Author viewpoint Author would agree questions Author would most likely respond questions Author's argument Author-heavy passages Avoiding outside assumptions

B

Background information Basic grouping games Basic sequencing games Before and after comparisons Before and after rules Begging the question Biology passages Block rules Both authors agree questions Both speakers agree Both speakers disagree Breaking a link Bridge assumptions

C

Cannot be true question stems Cannot determine answer choices Categorical logic Causal assumption Causal assumptions Causal chain Causal claims in passages Causal conclusion Causal evidence Causal flaw Causal overstatement Causal parallel reasoning Causal predictions Causal reasoning Causal strengthener Causal understatement Causal weakener Cause versus condition Challenge and response structure Circular reasoning Claims versus facts Combining statements Common conditional traps Common flaws Common LSAT argument patterns Common parallel reasoning traps Common question stem traps Common RC trap answers Comparative application Comparative author attitude Comparative extreme answers Comparative humanities passages Comparative inference Comparative legal passages Comparative organization Comparative purpose Comparative reading questions Comparative reading structure Comparative science passages Comparative scope traps Comparative social science passages Comparing conclusions Comparing evidence Comparing examples Comparing methods Comparison assumptions Comparison flaw Comparison parallel reasoning Competing explanations Competing viewpoints Complete the argument question stems Complete the argument questions Completion answer traps Completion with because Completion with however Completion with therefore Completion with unless Composition fallacy Concessions Conclusion completion Conclusion indicators Conclusion strength Conclusion type in parallel questions Conclusions Conclusions Conditional assumptions Conditional chains Conditional diagramming Conditional flaw Conditional grouping rules Conditional indicators Conditional inference Conditional logic Conditional must be true Conditional negation Conditional parallel reasoning Conditional quantifier interaction Conditional reasoning Conditional reversal Conditional rules in legal reasoning Conditional statements in principle questions Conditional statements with all Conditional statements with any Conditional statements with no Conditional statements with only Conditional statements with unless Conditional strengthen Conditional weaken Confusing necessary and sufficient Confusing sufficient and necessary Connecting premises Constitutional law passages Context statements Contrapositive Contrapositive with all statements Contributing cause Controlled studies Correlation evidence Correlation versus causation Could be true versus must be true Counterpremises Critic's argument Critical author stance Cross-passage question stems

E

Economics passages Either or statements Environmental science passages Equivocation Evaluate answer traps Evaluate question stems Evaluate questions Evaluating analogies Evaluating assumptions Evaluating causal arguments Evaluating evidence in passages Evaluating explanations Evaluating plans Evaluating predictions Evaluating surveys Evidence absence flaw Evidence conclusion relationship Evidence interpretation Evidence relevance in weaken questions Evidence strength Evidence versus opinion Exactly statements Except question stems Except questions in RC Except statements EXCEPT stems strategy Existential quantifiers Experimental controls Explaining a discrepancy Explaining a result Explaining behavior Explaining policy outcomes Explaining scientific findings Explaining statistics Explanation answer traps Explicit assumptions Extreme answer traps Extreme language traps in RC

F

Fact set reasoning False analogy False dilemma Feminist theory passages Fill in the blank question stems Fill in the blank questions Flaw answer language Flaw question stems Flaw questions Flawed versus valid structure Formal abstraction Formal logic answer traps Function questions

G

General principle to specific case General rule identification Generalization from examples Global questions Grouping complete and accurate questions Grouping could be true questions Grouping deductions Grouping game setup Grouping game traps Grouping inference strategy Grouping must be true questions Grouping ordering hybrids Grouping rule diagramming Grouping scenarios Grouping substitution questions Grouping templates Grouping with teams

H

Half-right answer traps High resolution details History passages Humanities passages Hybrid deductions Hybrid game recognition Hybrid game setup Hybrid game timing Hybrid game traps Hybrid global questions Hybrid local questions Hybrid rule diagramming Hybrid scenarios Hybrid substitution questions Hybrid templates Hypothesis evaluation

I

Identifying argument strategy Identifying concessions Identifying direct contradiction Identifying objections Identifying overlap Identifying qualifications Identifying rebuttals Identifying task before reading answers Identifying what is being argued If and only if statements If then statements Implicit assumptions In out grouping Indigenous studies passages Inductive reasoning Inference answer prediction Inference completion Inference from causal claims Inference from comparisons Inference from conditionals Inference from definitions Inference from examples Inference from facts Inference from quantified statements Inference from statistics Inference questions Inference scope Inference versus assumption stems Inference with analogies Inference with categories Inference with cause and effect Inference with conditional chains Inference with either or Inference with multiple speakers Inference with no and all Inference with percentages Inference with rates Inference with some and most Inference with surveys Inference with time order Inference with unless Information relevance Information that affects conclusion Intermediate conclusions Introducing alternatives Introductions Invalid inference Irrelevant answer choices Irrelevant evaluation choices

J

Joint sufficient conditions Justify the conclusion

L

Lack of baseline flaw Law passages Legal interpretation passages Legal principles Legal reasoning in passages Legal theory passages Limited options in hybrid games Limited solution sets Line reference questions Linking conditionals Literary criticism passages Local questions Logical consequence Logical flow completion Logical force Loose sequencing games Low resolution summary

M

Magnitude in strengthen questions Main conclusion identification Main point question stems Main point questions Majority reasoning Matching analogy structure Matching causal structure Matching conclusion strength Matching conditional structure Matching flaw to stimulus Matching flaw type Matching premise strength Matching quantifier structure Matching subject matter irrelevance Meaning in context questions Mechanism evidence Method answer abstraction Method for two-speaker stimuli Method of reasoning question stems Method of reasoning questions Method question traps Method versus role stems Minimum maximum rules Minority reasoning Mixed task question stems Modern view Moral principles Most plus all inference Most plus most inference Most statements Most strongly supported in RC Most strongly supported question stems Most strongly supported questions Multiple necessary conditions Multiple scholars Multiple sufficient conditions Must be true in RC Must be true question stems Must be true questions Must be true versus most strongly supported stems Mutually exclusive groups

O

Observational studies One author would agree questions One speaker agrees one disagrees Only if statements Opposing viewpoint structure Opposite answer choices Opposite answer traps Ordering rules Organization questions Ought statements Outside knowledge traps Overgeneralization Overlapping groups Overly broad assumptions Overly broad principle Overly narrow principle Overmatching content

P

Paradox stimulus structure Paragraph function Parallel answer elimination Parallel flaw question stems Parallel flaw questions Parallel reasoning answer order Parallel reasoning question stems Parallel reasoning questions Parallel reasoning timing strategy Parallel versus parallel flaw stems Part to whole flaw Passage A main point Passage B main point Passage B response to Passage A Passage main point Passage mapping Passage organization patterns Passage pair mapping Passage purpose Passage skipping strategy Passage structure Passage thesis Passage timing strategy Passage title questions Past to future flaw Percentage versus number flaw Percentages in logic Permissible versus required Philosophy passages Physics passages Point at issue question stems Point at issue questions Point at issue traps Policy principles Policy reasoning in passages Political theory passages Positive versus negative conclusion Possibility versus certainty Predictive parallel arguments Predictive reasoning Premise completion Premise conclusion relationship Premise count in parallel questions Premise indicators Premises Prephrasing completions Prephrasing strengthen answers Prephrasing weaken answers Prescriptive conclusions Prescriptive-descriptive flaw Preventive cause Primary argument Primary purpose questions Principle and conditional logic Principle answer scope Principle answer strength Principle application traps Principle apply questions Principle completion Principle conflict Principle conform question stems Principle conform questions Principle consistency Principle exception Principle justify question stems Principle justify questions Principle necessary assumption Principle question prephrasing Principle question stems Principle questions Principle questions in RC Principle strengthen questions Principle sufficient assumption Principle with analogies Principle with examples Probability flaw Problem solution structure Prohibited versus discouraged Proportional reasoning Psychology passages Purpose of analogies Purpose of concessions Purpose of definitions Purpose of examples Purpose of historical background Purpose of objections Purpose of research findings

Q

Qualifications Qualified author stance Quantified conditionals Quantified parallel reasoning Quantifier assumptions Quantifier diagrams Quantifier flaw Quantifier inference Quantifier must be true Quantifier parallel reasoning Question stem analysis in RC Question stem classification Question stem modifiers Question stem prediction Question stem timing Question type priority

R

Rare Logical Reasoning question stems Rate versus total flaw RC accuracy strategy RC annotation strategy RC answer prediction RC elimination strategy RC endurance strategy RC review strategy Reading for evidence Reading for structure Reading for viewpoints Reasoning chain Recognizing overbroad conclusions Recognizing subtle conclusions Recognizing unsupported conclusions Reconciliation answer choices Reference questions Relationship between passages Relative ordering Relative versus absolute flaw Representativeness assumptions Researcher's view Resolve the paradox question stems Resolve the paradox questions Reversal parallel flaw Reverse causation Role of a conclusion Role of a paragraph questions Role of a premise Role of a sentence questions Role of a statement questions Role of an intermediate conclusion Role of analogy Role of background information Role of causal claim Role of comparison Role of concession Role of counterexample Role of definition Role of evidence Role of example Role of hypothesis Role of objection Role of principle Role of statistical evidence Role question stems Role question traps Rule application Ruling out alternatives

S

Sampling assumptions Sampling flaw Sampling parallel flaw Scholarly debate passages Science passages Scientific reasoning in passages Scope in disagreement questions Scope in weaken questions Scope of quantifiers Scope traps in RC Secondary arguments Selection bias Selection games Self-selection bias Separating argument from description Separating argument from explanation Sequencing could be true questions Sequencing deductions Sequencing game setup Sequencing grouping hybrids Sequencing inference questions Sequencing must be true questions Sequencing rule diagramming Sequencing rule replacement Sequencing scenarios Sequencing substitution questions Sequencing templates Set relationships Shared assumptions Shared conclusion Shared premise Short passage strategy Should statements Small sample flaw Social science passages Sociology passages Soft must be true questions Some not statements Some plus all inference Some statements Speaker one argument Speaker response analysis Speaker two argument Specific case to general principle Split block rules Statistical reasoning Statutory interpretation passages Stimulus structure Straw man flaw Strength of disagreement Strengthen answer traps Strengthen completion Strengthen except questions Strengthen question stems Strengthen questions Strengthen questions in RC Strengthen versus justify stems Strengthening analogies Strengthening causal arguments Strengthening conditional arguments Strengthening experimental reasoning Strengthening explanations Strengthening predictions Strengthening recommendations Strengthening statistical arguments Strengthening surveys Strict sequencing games Strong answer traps Strongly supported conclusion Structural paraphrase Subargument structure Subconclusions Sufficient assumption and conditional links Sufficient assumption conditionals Sufficient assumption question stems Sufficient assumption stems Sufficient assumption with formal logic Sufficient assumptions Sufficient cause Sufficient condition Sufficient condition indicators Support relationships Supporter assumptions Supporting a link Supporting measurement Supporting representativeness Supportive author stance Survey flaw Symmetric evaluation

T

Technical vocabulary strategy Temporal flaw Temporal sequence evidence Term shift assumptions Term shift flaw Testing answer impact Textual support Theory comparison Theory-heavy humanities passages Third variable Third variable flaw Timing in strengthen questions Too strong answer choices Too weak answer choices Topic shifts Traditional view Transition in completion questions Treating lack of evidence as evidence

U

Undermatching structure Unexpected result Unfamiliar subject strategy Universal quantifiers Unless equation Unless statements Unrepresentative sample Unsupported answer traps Useful information questions Using analogy as support Using counterexample to refute

V

Valid inference Value judgment flaw Viewpoint hierarchy Viewpoint identification questions Viewpoint shifts

W

Weak answer traps Weaken answer traps Weaken except questions Weaken question stems Weaken questions Weaken questions in RC Weaken versus flaw stems Weakening analogies Weakening causal arguments Weakening conditional arguments Weakening experimental reasoning Weakening explanations Weakening predictions Weakening recommendations Weakening statistical arguments Weakening surveys Weakly supported answer traps Whole to part flaw